Some Missing Pages: The Black Community in the History of Quebec and Canada
Unit 8: The Post War Years
 

DEDICATION
MALCOLM X & MARTIN LUTHER KING

Martin Luther King "Before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth, we were here. Before the pen of Jefferson etched across the pages of history the majestic words of the Declaration of Independence, we were here. For more than two centuries, our foreparents laboured in this country without wages; they made cotton "king", and they built the homes of their masters in the midst of brutal injustice and shameful humiliation -- and yet out of a bottomless vitality, they continued to thrive and develop. If the inexpressive cruelties of slavery could not stop us, the opposition we now face will surely fail. We will win our freedom because the sacred heritage of our nation and the eternal will of God are embodied in our echoing demands."

Malcolm X "It takes no one to stir up the sociological dynamite that stems from the employment, bad housing, and inferior education already in the ghettos. This explosively criminal condition has existed for so long, it needs no fuses; it fuses itself; it spontaneously combusts from within itself...I am for violence if non/violence we continue postponing a solution to the American black men's problem...I don't go for non/violence if it also means a delayed solution to me a delayed solution is non/solution...if it must take violence to get the black man his human rights in this country, I'm for violence...no matter what the consequences...It may be the American black man does need to become invalued."

PROGRAMME

TOWARDS THE SECOND EMANCIP-
ATION - THE DYNAMICS OF BLACK LIBERATION

Friday, October 11th:
3:00 p.m. Registration
7:30-9:00 p.m. Opening Address by the Chairmen
Messages of Greeting to the Congress
9:00-9:30 p.m. Canada and her Black Community
     - Rocky Jones

A. THE ORIGINS AND CONSE-
QUENCES OF THE BLACK-WHITE CONFRONTATION

Saturday, October 12th:
10:00-11:30 a.m. The History and Economics of Slavery in the New World
     -C.L.R. James
12:00-1:30 p.m. The Psychology of Subjection -
Race Relations in the U.S.A.
     - Alvin Poussaint
(lunch break)
B. THE GERMS OF THE MODERN BLACK AWARENESS
2:30-4:00 p.m. The Haitian Revolution and the History of Slave Revolt.
     -C.L.R. James
4:30-6:00 p.m. The Fathers of the Modern Revolt:
Garvey, etc. - Robert Hill
9:00-2:00 a.m. Congress Dance

 
C. THE RE-EVALUATION OF THE PAST
Sunday, October 13th:
10:00-11:00 a.m. Les Origines et la Signification de la Negritude
     -René Depestre
12:00-1:30 p.m. The Civilizations of Ancient Africa
     -Richard Moore
2:30-4:00 p.m. The Contribution of the Afro-American to American History and Civilization
     -Leroi Jones
D. PERSPECTIVES FOR THE FUTURE
4:30-6:00 P.M. Racial Discrimination in Britain and the Way Out.
     -Richard Small
8:30 p.m. An evening of soul music and art
Monday, October 14th:
10:30-12:00 Black Power in the U.S.A.
     -Stokely Carmichael
(lunch)
1:30-3:00 p.m. The Black Revolution: The Third World and Capitalism.
     -Eldridge Cleaver &
     James Forman
3:30-6:30 p.m. Resolutions.


EDITORIAL

     The most noticeable characteristic of modem white oppression has been its guilt-ridden conscience. Not content to confine its vicious pursuit of material riches to the level of physical conquest, it has always sought to justify its oppressive control over other races by resorting to arrogant claims of inherent superiority, and attempting to denigrate the cultural and historical achivements of the oppressed peoples. The machinery of oppression has thus been not only economic and political, but cultural and intellectual as well.

     Nobody in the modern world has suffered more from this kind of cultural debasement than the black man. White racism has systematically nurtured and institutionalised the psysical and spiritual degradation of our people on an intentional level. For example in South Africa and the United States the white oppressor has always been in total control over all judgments on the black man's role and status in society, his intellectual capacity, his moral and cultural preoccupations, his role in history, and his ancestral past, thus ordering not merely the external circumstances of his life, but also the very way in which his victim has seen the world and his people.

     In the face of this total colonial stranglehold, it is clear that the task of self-liberation involves much more than freedom from economic and social oppression. Genuine freedom can only come from the total liberation of the minds and spirits of our people from the false and distorted image of themselves which centuries of cultural ensalvement by the white ma have imposed upon U8 all. The struggle for liberation of black people is accordingly not only an economic or political question, but also a cultural rallying cry, a call to re-examine the foundations of the white man's one-sided vision of the world, and to restore to ourselves an image of the achievements of our people, hitherto suppressed and abandoned among the rubble of history's abuses.

     It is in this context that this Congress of Black Writers hopes to make its contribution. Here, for the first time in Canada, an attempt will be made to recall, in a series of popular lectures by black scholars, artists and politicians, a history which we have been taught to forget: the history of the black man's own response (in thought and in action) to the conditions of his existence in the New World; in short, the history of the black liberation struggle, from its origins in slavery to the present day. For the sake of tomorrow's victories, it is imperative that we take another look at the events of yesterday; in the Congress, black people will begin to rediscover themselves as the active creators, rather than the passive sufferers, of history's events; the subjects, rather than the objects of history. It is only when we have rediscovered this lost perspective on ourselves that we can truly begin to speak of emancipation, it is only when we have returned to our authentic past that we can truly begin to dream about the future.


     L'un des aspects les plus frappants de l'oppression blanche des temps modemes est la recherche d'un justification morale. En effet, dans sa poursuite avide de richesses, l'oppresseur blanc loin de se contenter de conquètes matérielles, a toujours cherchée à justifier sa domination sur les autres races en faisant appel orgueilleusement à une prétendue supériorité de la race blanche et en tentant de jeter le discrédit sur les réalisations historiques et culturelles des peuples opprimés. Aussi le processus d'asservissement se fait-il sen- tir tant sur le plan culturel et intellectuel que sur le plan économique et politique.

     Nul, dans le monde moderne, n'a souffert plus que l'homme noir de cet avilissement culturel. Le racisme blanc a systématiquement entretenu et institutionalisé la dégradation physique et spirituelle des peuples noirs à travers le monde. C'est ainsi qo'en Afrique du Sud et aux Etats Unis par exemple, l'oppresseur blanc impose sa propre vision du rôle et du statut du noir dans la société, de ses capacités intellectuelles, de ses préoccupations d'ordre moral et culturel, de son rôle dans l'histoire et de son passé ancestral. L'oppresseur blanc décide donc non seulement des conditions extérieures de vie de sa victime mais encore de la façon même dont celle-ci perçoit le monde et son propre peuple.

     Face à cette oppression totale du pouvoir colonial, il devient évident que le mouvement de libération implique davantage que la simple libération économique et sociale. Pour conquérir une liberté authentique, l'homme noir doit pouvoir libérer son esprit et son intelligence de cette image de lui-même, fausse et dégradée que l'homme blanc nous a imposée à tous, par des siècles d'asservissement culturel. La lutte de libération des peuples noirs n'est donc pas seulement une question économique et politique; c'est également un cri de ralliement culturel, un appel à réexaminer les bases de la vision du monde à sens unique de l'homme blanc et à restaurer l'image que nous nous faisons du rôle historique des noirs, rôle qui a été jusqu'ici délibérément effacé, rayé des pages de l'histoire du monde.

     C' est dans ce contexte que ce Congrès des Ecrivains Noirs espère apporter sa contribution. Pour la première fois au Canada, on tentera de reconstituer, au cours d'une série de conférences données par des intellectuels, des artistes et des hommes politiques noirs, une histoire qu'on nous a appris à oublier; l'histoire de la résistance de l'homme noir, tant par la pensée que par l'action, aux conditions d'existence du Nouveau Monde; en un mot, la lutte de libération des noirs, de l'esclavage jusqu'à nos jours.

Pour assurer les victoires de demain, il est indispensable de réévaluer le passé. Au cours de ce Congrès, les Noirs apprendront à se découvrir en tant que sujets créateurs des évènements historiques et non objets subissant passivement ces évènements. C'est seulement lorsque nous serons parvenus à nous percevoir nous-mêmes dans une telle perspective que nous pourrons parler véritablement de libération, c'est seulement lorsque nous aurons retrouvé notre passé authentique que nous pourrons véritablement élaborer des plans d'avenir.

Elder Thebaud--Rosie Douglas
Co-Chairmen


 

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